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Soil anchors A soil anchor is a safety addition to buildings and construction processes, hence the importance of the anchor component as complex and unusual construction elements and their geotechnical and constructive aspects. Soil anchors are used to stabilize buildings and to transfer loads from the front and surface to the depth of the ground. The soil anchor was developed as a modern solution for temporary strengthening of the soil and when it is necessary to carry out a deep excavation near existing buildings and/or to great depths that require the use of retaining walls. The anchor makes it possible to strengthen the lining walls and prevent collapse and in a way of transferring and distributing the loads in depth and width. From a review of the Israeli standards and general and special specifications such as TI 940 part 4.2, it appears that these elements constitute a complex category, which includes a constructive aspect on the one hand, and a geotechnical aspect on the other hand. Engineer Moti Yuger, owner and CEO of Yuger Soil Consultants, explains: "Every year in Israel about -20,000 anchors are used, in many and varied projects. Most of the anchors (about 95%) are temporary anchors, replaced during construction by permanent structural elements, such as ceilings. The rest (about 5%) are permanent anchors that are supposed to be used for the entire length of the structure's existence, which reaches 120 years in public projects" (Yuger consultants, soil anchors in Israel - vision and reality). Hence its great centrality in complex construction processes and their geotechnical and constructive consequences. The soil anchor Soil anchors are used in a variety of applications including: walled excavations for basements, in places where open excavations are not possible, due to considerations of space and risk to buildings and infrastructure, a means of protection against sliding of slopes, to receive the troubles expected from the planned construction such as dynamic forces caused by wind and earthquake disturbances, as well as lifting forces caused by Underground construction, below the groundwater level. Sometimes the excavation is open and when it comes to excavation near an existing building and sometimes closed excavation under an existing building (for example digging a parking lot or basement) and for the benefit of strengthening the building against collapse or in a wide variety of needs such as, "walled excavations for basements, in places where open excavations are not possible, due to space considerations and risk to buildings and infrastructures, a means of protection against landslides, to receive the expected inconveniences from the planned construction such as dynamic forces caused by wind and earthquake disturbances, as well as uplift forces caused by underground construction, below the groundwater level". In essence, soil anchors are used as a safety supplement in the construction process and therefore in 2011, a detailed Israeli standard was issued for the first time, dealing with soil anchors, TI 940 part 4.2, called "Geotechnical design: strengthening and stabilization of buildings for engineering purposes - soil anchors made of piles". This standard is defined as a recommended standard, which is not legally binding (unless it is determined as such in another legal framework, which adopts it as binding)" . "Soil anchors have been used for years in the construction industry to stabilize buildings, slopes, retaining walls, dam piers, and more. The primary and most important purpose of a soil anchor is to transfer forces from the front of the building to a stable area in the subsoil. This stability is achieved through a significant increase in the normal forces acting on the planes potential destruction. Treading the soil anchors for labor required in advance, may reduce future displacements of the anchored structure. Soil anchor alternatives should take into account the advanced technology used to recruit relatively high labor forces, while immediately checking the short-term and long-term endurance" (Wikipedia). In planning and characterizing the soil anchors, a number of technical and environmental indicators are taken into account, such as the type of soil, groundwater levels in the immediate area, nearby buildings, the type of soil and its coefficient of density and weight, and more. Soil anchors can be a horizontal ground anchor or a vertical ground anchor and according to the strengthening requirements of the structure in question and have been found to be effective in a wide variety of soil types and uses. The depth of the anchor should be at least 15 meters and the average anchor can support up to 120 tons of weight and its load distribution is about 12 square meters from the retaining wall. Soil anchor types Soil c hemical anchor - an anchor that differs in the type of material from which it is produced and the production method in the field based on injection, mixing or capsule (mixing materials from containers). Mechanical anchor - an anchor whose locking is done by screwing or closing a nut head. Another division is the way the anchor is used: Temporary soil anchors - used to support decking walls for an acceptable limited period of up to 24 months (subject to the 940.4.2 standard). At the end of the castings, the load passes from the anchors to the ceiling and the walls and anchors themselves are practically disconnected. Retractable soil anchors - function similarly to temporary anchors, but at the end of the work they are pulled out of the ground and in accordance with various space and environmental limitations. Fixed soil anchors - long-term permanent support of the structure for a period of at least 120 years (subject to TI standard 940.4.2). Relying on fixed anchors is required in the absence of support alternatives such as ceiling and walls and they are made of reinforced materials and protection against corrosion and more. Polymer soil anchors - the use of polymer is intended to enable future excavation and soil drilling in the construction area and for example in the future planning of transportation tunnels for trains or vehicles. The anchor itself is a temporary ground anchoring solution and is not used for long-term support of the upper structure. Other anchors - soil anchors such as rock screws or earth nails and more. It is important to note that choosing between a mechanical or chemical soil anchor varies and depends on many different variables and as a result of the intended use as permanent or temporary. Possible failures in soil anchors Anchors are a complex mechanical element in its structure, in the way it is installed and in the way it functions and in the existing length of the structure. Failures in anchors can be due to the following reasons: Inadequate design of the support system, which includes the anchor + the constructive element it supports (conventional wall, reinforced concrete façade, bridge, etc.). An area under the responsibility of the planning team, mainly. Failure in the structure of the anchor itself, on its various components, which includes mechanical components, protections against corrosion, drilling and installation of the anchor. This area, for the most part, is the responsibility of the anchor contractor. Failure to test the anchor and guide it, including full monitoring of the anchor. Anchors develop relatively high service tolerances for each anchor. This makes it possible to reduce the number of anchors per square meter of wall façade and makes them more economical than other anchoring methods. This advantage is accompanied by a disadvantage, since the system has lower redundancy, due to the fact that failure of a single anchor may create progressive failures in the anchors .

Soil stabilization - a network of underground rigid columns A lecture on "A network of underground rigid columns - a method for soil stabilization", given by Eng. Moti Yuger as part of the 11th Construction and Infrastructure Conference on 11/21/2019. * The lecture presents the progress in Israel and in the world, in a relatively new field of armor and land reclamation using a network of subterranean concrete columns drilled and cast using methods such as piles ("dry", CFA, bentonite) - in Israel, and cement mortar columns and others - abroad. * The lecture on this topic was preceded by my lectures at the 6th Conference on Construction and Infrastructure 2009, the 3rd Conference on Buildings and Bridges 2013 and the 9th Conference on Construction and Infrastructure 2015. * In the first stage, this technology was used to stabilize soil under railway embankments, roads and bridges, and gradually this solution was used for tanks, industrial buildings and ordinary buildings. The foundation principle: it looks like a piling, but it's not! The principle of foundation in this method is such that looks like Cullen, but in reality he is not. Soil stabilization and improvement As a result of the approach of referring to rigid columns and the ground, as a system of stabilized and reinforced soil, the following methods can be used to produce the columns (CMC, RI): * Clean cement mortar columns, or mixed with soil * Jet Grout columns * Concrete columns drilled with the "dry" method/CFA/bentonite. The columns in the above methods can include screwing, or without screwing, depending on the type of expected hassles, and their geometric location. This method is not foundation piles and/or "restraint" piles. The elements are completely separated from the structure above, by a layer of granular substrate designed to distribute the loads from the structure above. Methods for making hard pages There are several methods for making rigid columns in a soil stabilization approach. Comparison: stilts vs. concrete columns Comparing piling foundations versus concrete columns. Aspects of the method * When the structure being treated is expected to horizontal forces due to the geometry of the site, earthquakes, etc., it is necessary to reinforce the columns with concrete which can be individual rods - with cement mortar columns and concrete cages - with drilled concrete columns. * Not connecting the columns to the building allows for simpler behavior, and the reduction of seismic disturbances between the building and the ground. * As a result, the foundation of the structure above is shallow and includes slabs and barges for the structures above and a layer of bedding to spread the burdens. In the case of dirt embankments, there is no need for plates and barges. Improving geotechnical parameters * Before installing the underground concrete columns, the existing soil has low values of E, k, and 𝜎, and therefore, has a high potential for failure and subsidence. * After installing the hard posts the values of E, k, and 𝜎 improve greatly, and the potential subsidence decreases accordingly. * The improvement achieved is a function of the diameter of the columns, the distances between them, the type of filling material (cement grout, concrete, other). Behavior of rigid columns under uniform pressure Development of the failure mechanism in the LTP bearing layer. Deployment of the efforts at the main level of the concrete columns. Negative friction enables the development of the arching phenomenon. Software and methods for designing CMC/RI columns Methods and software that help in column planning RI \ CMC. *Finite element software (PLAXIS): 2D axisymmetric 2D plane strain 3D * Analysis for global stability (SLIDE, LARIX) * Analysis for stability in earthquakes (LARIX, SHAKE) * Dedicated software for CMC/RI * Deterministic formulas Examples from Israel Development of the Ramot neighborhood in Jerusalem - Stabilization of filling pits for the foundation of armored earth walls at a height of 20 meters

Choosing a land consultant At Eng. M. Yuger Ltd. we take the soil consulting and geotechnics profession seriously, that's why we chose to present you with a "grocery list" that will help you choose your soil consultant. In addition to the necessary academic studies, the graduate must register in the labor branch of the Ministry of Economy and Industry (formerly the Ministry of Labor and Welfare) in the "Soil and Foundation" section if he meets the following requirements. Of course, in order to meet the conditions for choosing a soil consultant, which is recommended here, it is important to first meet the basic requirement - registration in the soil and foundation section. Alternative A: studying relevant subjects Having a bachelor's degree in civil engineering and registered in structural engineering, who will prove that a person has studied and successfully passed the subjects according to the list below (for example as detailed in the Technion catalog), whether he studied at any recognized institution in Israel or abroad: The two subjects (prerequisite subjects given in the bachelor's degree): 014409 - Geomechanics 014411 - Soil engineering and the following professions: 019003 - Numerical methods for engineers 018420 - Advanced soil mechanics 018417 - Seepage and slope stability 019427 - Constructive laws in geomechanics 019430 - Foundation 018416 - Introduction to soil dynamics 018418 - Supporting structures 016421 - Field investigations in geomechanics 019424 - Geotechnical aspects of an earthquake 019425 - The theory of plasticity in soil mechanics 019429 - Land improvement and slope stabilization 016403 - Introduction to rock mechanics 019908 - Advanced Engineering Geology 018423 - Advanced Seminar in Soil Engineering A total of 16 professions. Alternative B: Master's degree in civil engineering with specialization Having a bachelor's degree in civil engineering and being registered in the civil engineering branch in the buildings section and having a master's degree in civil engineering - specializing in geotechnics (soil and foundation).

Nesher factory, Ramla Carrying out a variety of projects on the territory of the cement plant, including conveyors, pipeline bridges, industrial buildings and more. The challenge: The only cement factory in Israel, built and expanded over the years. Foundation of elements that are sensitive to displacements on thick and plastic clay. The solution: Maintaining and collecting all field investigations and geotechnical information throughout the plant. Carrying out a variety of foundation solutions, including pre-loading, soil reclamation with concrete piles and more.

SPT Soil Drilling SPT (Standard Penetration Test) drilling and is intended for trial drilling and soil density testing. The drilling is carried out using a special drill consisting of a pipe and a hammer and a procedure of drilling and punching the insertion of the sample pipe, which allows conclusions to be drawn regarding the density of the sampled soil. SPT drilling The standard insertion drilling process, SPT drilling, is based on the use of a thick-walled sampling pipe, with an external diameter of 50.8 mm and an internal diameter of 35 mm, and a length of around 650 mm. This pipe is driven into the ground, at the bottom of the borehole, by blows from a 63.5 kg hammer with a swing of 760 mm (30 inches). The sampling pipe penetrates 150 mm into the ground and then the number of blows required for the pipe per 150 mm (6 inches) up to a depth of 450 mm (18 inches) is recorded. The sum of the number of blows required to penetrate the second and third 6 inches of penetration, c alled the “standard penetration resistance” or “N-value.” In cases where 50 blows are not enough to advance it 150 mm (6 inches) apart, the penetration is recorded after 50 blows. The blow count provides an indication of soil density, and is used in many empirical geotechnical engineering formulas. The SPT drilling procedure is recognized in international standards such as ISO 22476-3, ASTM D1586 and also the Australian Standard AS 1289.6.3.1. When and how much? The need for soil drilling in general and SPT drilling in particular, will be determined by the soil consultant based on the analysis of the needs and designations of the area. Among the considerations for choosing the SPT drilling method: 1. Accessibility of the sampling site (restricted access, electricity/water infrastructure, closed building, etc.). 2. The depth and diameter of the drilling, according to the planned construction Nat. 3. The type of land. 4. Designation of the tear and building plan. Of course, the more drillings are carried out, the richer information is obtained and which enables a more accurate and reliable decision to be made. However, the land consultant together with the constructor know how to optimize the layout of the drillings according to professional considerations and such as those listed above. Evaluation of standard insertion drilling products To enable an initial evaluation of the products of the drilling process using the SPT method, the following table is accepted:

Professional articles How to choose a land consultant At M. Yuger Ltd., we take the profession of soil consulting and geotechnics seriously, that's why we chose to present you with a "grocery list" that will help you choose your soil consultant. To read the full article How to choose a land consultant At M. Yuger Ltd., we take the profession of soil consulting and geotechnics seriously, that's why we chose to present you with a "grocery list" that will help you choose your soil consultant. To read the full article How to choose a land consultant To read the full article How to choose a land consultant At M. Yuger Ltd., we take the profession of soil consulting and geotechnics seriously, that's why we chose to present you with a "grocery list" that will help you choose your soil consultant. To read the full article How to choose a land consultant At M. Yuger Ltd., we take the profession of soil consulting and geotechnics seriously, that's why we chose to present you with a "grocery list" that will help you choose your soil consultant. To read the full article How to choose a land consultant At M. Yuger Ltd., we take the profession of soil consulting and geotechnics seriously, that's why we chose to present you with a "grocery list" that will help you choose your soil consultant. To read the full article How to choose a land consultant At M. Yuger Ltd., we take the profession of soil consulting and geotechnics seriously, that's why we chose to present you with a "grocery list" that will help you choose your soil consultant. To read the full article How to choose a land consultant At M. Yuger Ltd., we take the profession of soil consulting and geotechnics seriously, that's why we chose to present you with a "grocery list" that will help you choose your soil consultant. To read the full article How to choose a land consultant At M. Yuger Ltd., we take the profession of soil consulting and geotechnics seriously, that's why we chose to present you with a "grocery list" that will help you choose your soil consultant. To read the full article Rock bolts to support the mountain wall Making a grout for the rock bolts that support the side of the mountain, in which "Yuger Engineers" served as the soil consultant To read the full article A barge on stabilized soil using different techniques The use of a barge on stabilized soil with different techniques - a lecture presented at the "Sixth Construction and Infrastructure Conference" of the "Association of Construction and Infrastructure Engineers" in November 2009. To read the full article Requirements for registration as a land consultant in the soil and foundation section How do you become a certified soil consultant? To read the full article The bridge over Boho river The project of the bridge over the Bohu river, in which Eng. M. Yuger served as a land consultant on behalf of the contractor Sollel-Bona, was intended for the railway line from Ashkelon to Be'er Sheva and in accordance with the constraints of preserving the environment and the complex infrastructure for a railway bridge - was unique in Israel. To read the full article Value engineering - reducing the cost of a construction project Value engineering in the field of construction, allows savings in the costs of the project and on the basis of studying and examining its various engineering aspects and formulating recommendations for changes in planning and implementation while maintaining the quality of the final product. To read the full article Land consultant A land consultant protects you and your interests in front of the professionals who are going to build your house: the consultant analyzes the nature of the soil and recommends how to establish the infrastructure to prevent drifting or subsidence of the building in the future. To read the full article Land and foundation consulting The field of soil and foundation consulting is a derivative of the field of geotechnics and is usually acquired from engineering studies at an accredited academic institution, or at other institutions that grant a certificate in this field. The land consultant himself, is the professional authority whose role is to protect you and to ensure your interests against whoever builds your house! To read the full article Soil stabilization - a network of underground rigid columns A lecture on "A network of underground rigid columns - a method for soil stabilization", given by Eng. Moti Yuger as part of the 11th Construction and Infrastructure Conference on 11/21/2019. To read the full article Soil anchors A soil anchor is a safety addition to buildings and construction processes, hence the importance of the anchor component as complex and unusual construction elements and their geotechnical and constructive aspects. To read the full article Soil anchors in Israel - vision and reality This article examines what is happening in the field of soil anchors about ten years after issuing the first Israeli standard in the field To read the full article The "Briga Towers" project by Yuger Consulting won the 2021 Construction Excellence Award A complex construction project, which was accompanied by Yuger Engineers Land Consultants Offices, won a prestigious award from the "Excellence in Construction" competition of the Haaretz Builders Contractors Association, the Foundation for the Encouragement and Development of the Construction Industry and out of a hundred projects submitted to the competition. To read the full article Soil drilling Experimental soil sampling (also known as trial drilling), in the process of formulating the soil report before the construction project, is a central and essential component that cannot be done without. To read the full article Soil drilling SPT SPT drilling (Standard Penetration Test) is intended for trial drilling and soil density testing. To read the full article

Our creativity. Your profit. Creative engineering leads to unique solutions that save time and money Our Projects Private houses Commercial Public Buildings Infrastructures Residential projects "The project seemed unfeasible, the only one who found solutions to the soil problems was Yuger, saving millions" Shlomo Alfie, Neot Ahim construction What is creative engineering? At Yuger there is no problem that does not have a solution. Every project is thoroughly thought by the team that puts the customer's needs at the center, and finds, with the help of our extensive knowledge and experience, the most economical solution in time and money per project. Read more Who we are? For over 40 years, Yuger Engineers have specialized in providing soil consulting services to entrepreneurs, the largest and leading companies in Israel, the Israeli government (including the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Defense), municipalities and local councils. Our experience, creativity and innovation ensure that our customers will always receive an optimal solution that results in saving of costs and execution times. Read more Our customers Selected projects Neighborhoods in Beit Shemesh Development of several neighborhoods on complex and problematic soil for foundation The project Commercial building in Har-Tuv A second opinion that led to a change in the execution method in two supported walls The project The Open University in Ra'anana Foundation of the university structure, which includes upper and underground parts on complex soil The project TMA 38/1 Osishkin st. Tel Aviv An existing structure based on slabs on thick clay near the ground water level The project Residential complex in Arsuf luxury residential complex at the top of the coastal cliff in Arsuf The project Nesher plant, Ramla A variety of projects in the cement plant campus, including conveyors, pipeline bridges, industrial buildings. The project Contact us Anchor 1 Phone: 09-8911401 Email: office@engyuger.com Last Name phone First name mail adress message Send Thanks for getting in touch! We will reply as soon as possible

Hadera Hofim school A second opinion for a building with a total area of 9,000 square meters and a solution that significantly shortened the execution time The challenge: A project of construction of a building with 3 classroom wings of three floors each, with a total area of 9,000 square meters. The foundation solution given by the previous consultant included bentonite piles, the execution of which involves a high cost and a slow execution time. The solution: Usi ng short piles that were drilled dry above the groundwater, at a significantly lower cost and a much shorter execution time.

A private house in Ramat Hasharon A second opinion for the project of a house on spillway soil that resulted in savings of hundreds of thousands of shekels in the execution method. The challenge: The instructions given by the previous consultant included deep foundation. The soil layers on the site were layers of loose sand that did not allow dry drilling and required drilling using the bentonite or CFA methods, that made the execution very expensive. The solution: Changing the execution method for shallow foundation, choosing between the option of a barge (raft) or individual foundations (plates).

מהנדס קרקע וביסוס מהנדסים גאו-טכניים יעוץ קרקע וביסוס Choosing a land consultant

Hadera beach front mall A second opinion regarding the foundation of an open mall structure near the coastal road and an alternative solution that saved millions of shekels The challenge: An open mall building near the coastal road on a field of 30 dunams. The original foundation for the structure, carried out by another consultant, included bentonite piles to a considerable depth at a very high cost due to complex soil conditions that included a sandy upper layer over thick clay and high groundwater. The solution: Performing a shallow foundation that included a network of concrete columns for soil improvement (CMC - Controlled Modulated Columns). This solution resulted in savings of millions of shekels in the foundation compared to the original alternative.

מהנדס קרקע וביסוס מהנדסים גאו-טכניים יעוץ קרקע וביסוס Contact us Yuger Geotechnical Consulting 09-8911401 office@engyuger.com Ha'Ofe 2, Kadima 6092000 Last Name phone First name mail adress message אני מסכים ל תנאי השימוש באתר Send Thanks for getting in touch! We will reply as soon as possible