Soil drilling An experimental soil drilling project for sampling (also known as trial drilling), in the process of formulating the soil report before the construction project, is a central and essential component that cannot be done without. Soil drilling - why? As part of the soil survey, samples are taken in the field through a series of drillings aimed at collecting soil samples at the designated locations and depths b ased on historical mapping of the site. The purpose of testing the soil as part of the drilling is to determine stability , the type and quality of the soil and allow the engineer and constructor to submit recommendations for the infrastructure of the future construction project. The professi onality and thoroughness of the various stages in the drilling and sampling process has a significant impact on the ability to analyze and formulate recommendations later and therefore on the nature of the planned construction project. The considerations for the experimental soil drilling contractor are based on the instructions of the soil consultant and the historical mapping as well as an examination of the actual sampling site and considerations of accessibility, coverage and clarity of the sampling products. Types of soil drilling for sampling - methods and considerations There are several methods performing soil drilling for sampling and the tools they use accordingly. The main considerations, in choosing the drilling method and tool, are: 1. Accessibility of the sampling site (restricted access, electricity/water infrastructure, closed building, etc.). 2. The depth and diameter of the drilling, according to the planned construction. 3. The type of soil. 4. The purpose of the project (private, commercial, public or other construction). For example, for private construction the accepted drilling depth is about 12 meters, while for a building about 24 meters. Therefore, according to the afore mentioned limitations, drilling is possible with the following methods: 1. Mechanical drilling tower - deep soil drilling, only on a site with high accessibility. 2. A mechanical drill on a truck - intended for great depths and difficult soil types. 3. A mechanical drill on a tractor with the ability to tilt - suitable for sites with limited accessibility, but not for deep drilling. 4. Hydraulic hand drill (mechanical) - limited in medium depth and diameter of operation, but suitable for sites with limited access even for a tractor drill. 5. Manual drill - limited in the depth and diameter of the operation and according to the physical ability of the driller, but suitable for sites with limited access even for a tractor drill. Types of drilling: 1. Core drilling (HQ wireline rock): designed for rocky soil. 2. Spiral drilling (hamster): designed for dry or sandy soil. 3. DCP drilling: soil density test designed for mapping the location of the layers, thickness and determination of soil strength (more on DCP drilling, here). 4. SPT drilling: drilling to evaluate the density of the soil, using a special tubular drill (more on SPT drilling, here ). Of course, the more drillings are carried out, the richer information is obtained and which enables a more accurate and reliable decision to be made. However, the land consultant together with the constructor knew how to optimize the layout of the drillings according to professional considerations and such as those detailed above. Selection of soil drilling services There is a large variety of soil drilling contractors on the market, so it is important to examine several alternatives of service, methods and price. Of course, you should not hire the services of a contractor who has not received recommendations and the products of his work have not been tested and accepted by the soil consultant you have chosen to contract with. In certain cases, the soil consultant himself will recommend to you the services of a drilling contractor that he works with on an ongoing basis and therefore trusts the professionalism of his work products - which, as mentioned, are essential for producing a professional land report. However, the soil consultant should be required to specify the requirements and products from the soil drilling and to allow a market survey between different contractors.

The bridge over Boho river The project of the bridge over Boho river, in which Eng. M. Yuger served as a soil consultant on behalf of the contractor Sollel-Bona, was intended for the railway line from Ashkelon to Be'er Sheva and in accordance with the constraints of preserving the environment and the complex infrastructure for a railway bridge, and was a unique project in Israel. The bridge is located above Boho river , west of the city of Netivot, an environmentally sensitive area and for the purpose of building the bridge, it was necessary to carry out a strict and gentle process in regards to the preservation of nature. The project The planning began in November 2010 and the execution began in February 2011 and ended in October 2012 - the executing contractor was "Sollel Bona" and the land consultant on behalf of the contractor: Eng. Moti Yu ger. The bridge includes eight equal spans 32.5 meters long, 12 meters wide and 260 meters long. The bridge spans have a hollow circular section with a diameter of 4 meters and reaches a height of about 20 meters. The upper structure of the bridge consists of two massive prefabricated beams 2.2 m high, weighing about 200 tons each, cast on site and hoisted on top of the bridge girders. After placing the beams, a 30 cm thick bearing plate is cast. The bridge is a continuous bridge with seams in the end commissioners and two internal commissioners, where some of the commissioners are harnessed to the lower structure. In the end commissioners and some of the internal commissioners, special EKH-type authorizations were assembled. These braces prevent displacements across the bridge and thereby also share the unharnessed commissioners with the journey in receiving the horizontal forces obtained from loads, such as centrifugal loads, wind loads and earthquakes. In the longitudinal direction of the bridge, the supports allow the movements in order not to receive large forces due to loads such as temperature, shrinkage and creep. The documents were designed to receive horizontal forces of up to 200 tons. A detailed interaction calculation (bridge rail) was made for the bridge using MIDAS CIVIL software in accordance with the European standard EN 1992-2. Quality control during execution During the casting of the prefabricated beams, a discrepancy was opened by the contractor's quality control regarding the strength of the concrete that came from one of the mixers for casting the beam. Two separate tests were conducted by two different test institutes. According to the results of Institute No. 1, a compressive strength was obtained at the age of 28 days of 66 MPa compared to 5.30 MPa according to the results of the second Institute. At this point it was decided to wait for the concrete strength results at the age of 50 days to verify the results. Upon receiving results after 50 days, it was decided to conduct an in-depth examination to clarify the issue. The actions taken: The instruction to remove cylinders in suspicious places in order to be sure that there is concrete of low strength in a certain area of the beam. For this purpose, a typical beam casting was followed in order to discover the location of the defective mixer. A meeting with the concrete technologist to clarify the issue. Schmidt hammer test, which is a test that allows you to get an idea about the differences in the density of the concrete in different areas. The test does not give the strength of the concrete but only indicates changes in its uniformity. As mentioned, in order to give instructions for removing cylinders to test the strength of the hardened concrete in the places where the low-strength concrete was poured, a basic sketch was made, based on the order of casting the beam, for the location where the weak concrete is suspected. The execution of this sketch was possible only thanks to the execution engineer who documented in an orderly manner the order and method of casting that were actually carried out. The results of the rolls obtained definitely showed a decrease in the strength of the concrete: Rolls No. 1,2,3 in the area of the weak concrete showed the strength of the concrete lower than planned - Rolls No. 4,5,6 in the normal area showed the strength of the concrete as planned. At this stage, an in-depth examination was made into the way the problem was handled and after additional tests, consultations with the client of the work and the project manager, it was decided to reinforce the beam in order to qualify it for full function as planned. Despite many pressures to approve the beam because there was a laboratory test that proved that the strength of the concrete is 60 and the concrete technologist's claim that the concrete that arrived at the site is definitely of the 60 type, it was decided to carry out an in-depth examination of the issue in order to eliminate the smallest possibility that there is concrete with a lower strength than planned. It should be noted that the inspection could not have been done without full cooperation on the part of the contractor and on behalf of the quality control on the part of the contractor. Thanks to the in-depth inspection that was done, a concrete beam with a lower strength than planned was discovered and corrective measures were taken. Published for the first time in the newspaper of the Union of Construction and Infrastructure Engineers, Issue No. 66

Development of neighborhoods in Beit Shemesh Development of several neighborhoods in Beit Shemesh on complex and problematic soil The challenge: Development of the "glasses neighborhood" and neighborhoods D. 1-4 built by the Ministry of Construction. The soil in Beit Shemesh is complex, problematic and contains chalky and marlstone areas. The marlstone areas are problematic due to the widespread of the sliding phenomenon in them. The solution: In chalky areas, the foundations used were usually based on micro-files or regular piles. On the other hand, the marlstone, which is a weak rock with swelling potential, requires deep foundation with piling machines as well as treatment of slope sliding. These factors made the solutions more expensive and complicated.

Infrastructure projects and slopes דף הבית / Infrastructure and slopes / "Creative approach, professional and rich experience in foundation, in all the variety of soils... Above all, an approach that says the problem is difficult and complex, we will study it well and adapt an adequate solution to it" David Nissim, project manager Our office specializes in providing solutions for a variety of geotechnical challenges, related to infrastructure: neighborhood development, earthworks, road construction, retaining walls, tunneling, bridges and slope stabilization. The office uses advanced technological tools to obtain the best information about the terrain route, such as measuring by drone and creating a 3D model, to find solutions that lead to maximum efficiency and savings for the projects: starting with the maximum use of local material, to advanced methods such as an armored earth wall that was carried out for the first time in Israel by our office. Lod train Train terminal that includes buildings, docks, bridges and more The project View More Road 16 Bridges and portals for tunnels planning project The project View More Gaza strip underground barrier An underground barrier on a huge scale on varying types of soil The project View More Development of Avni Hefetz neighborhoods Establishing new neighborhoods that include all the infrastructure, residential buildings and sheds on a steep slope The project View More Analysis project of the National Airport Analyzing the effect of light rail tunnel mining on bridge foundations over tracks The project View More

The "Briga Towers" project by Yuger Consulting won the 2021 Construction Excellence Award A complex construction project, which was accompanied by Yuger Engineers Soil Consultants Offices, won a prestigious award from the "Excellence in Construction" competition of the Haaretz Builders Contractors Association, the Foundation for the Encouragement and Development of the Construction Industry and out of a hundred projects submitted to the competition. The prize was awarded to the project " Briga Towers" in the category of "Residential building of ten stories or more. The towers are located on the coastal strip of Netanya, and include two 34-story towers with 14,000 square meters of recreational areas and 208 apartments and were built with an investment of about 800 million shekels. The complexity of the route and the nature of the soil, the proximity to the sea and the complex construction challenges required a particularly thorough and professional soil consultation. This is how the win was justified, on the committee and with reference to the environmental planning and development challenges in which Yuger Soil Consultants was also involved: "Each tower is covered with aluminum 2200 double glass to maintain complete insulation and withstand the weather of the coastal area. During the construction, a variety of innovative technologies were used, and emphasis was placed on Regional development and advanced environmental planning." The urban and environmental space The project is located about 300 meters from the beach of Netanya in the 'Ir Yamim' neighborhood . The investment in the development of the neighborhood and t he suitability of the infrastructure stems from its unique location and the influence of the maritime space, the dune sand and more on the construction and the urban space, hence the need for a thorough examination of the land and the constraints it brings with it and the presentation of technological-infrastructural solutions for the construction process so that it remains economical. It will allow, and as the mayor, Miriam Fierberg-Icher, explains: "The new neighborhoods are enjoying unprecedented success, both locally and nationally, mainly thanks to their level of finish and the development of the preliminary infrastructure - which is often done before occupancy." The uniqueness and professionalism of the firm of soil consultants Yuger Eng., allowed it to accompany this unique and prestigious project and based on the value engineering approach allows saving the costs of the project and on the basis of studying and examining its various engineering aspects and formulating recommendations for changes in planning and implementation while maintaining the quality of the final product. About the prize The judging team is made of professionals in a variety of fields, including representatives of the Ministry of Construction, the Standards Institute, the Green Building Council, the Union of Engineers, the Association of Architects, the Real Estate Appraiser's Office in Israel and other bodies. The team examines the project based on many indicators, including design and construction quality, functional planning, green construction, engineering complexity, use of technologies and environmental compatibility, and more.

Lod train Construction of a train terminal, including an administration building, a fire station, extension of platforms and bridges at the Lod train station - an active and central station. The answer we gave in the project included: General concentration of the findings of the field investigation and geotechnical knowledge in the general area of the Lod train station. Accompanying the laying and foundation works in a large number of projects allows for a thorough acquaintance with the properties of the soil and possible execution methods.

Residential projects "I left another consultant who, in my opinion, did not know how to deal with the complexities of the project... the recommendations I received are that the best soil consultant in Israel is Moti Yuger. After learning about the issue, the solutions came immediately and we proceeded according to the soil consultant's instructions while saving millions in execution costs." Shlomo Alfie, Neot Ahim construction דף הבית / Residential projects / For decades, our office has accompanied residential projects by providing creative solutions that result in significant savings in foundation costs, sometimes amounting to millions of shekels. We accompany a large variety of entrepreneurs and contractors in new construction projects, from single residential buildings to complexes that include hundreds of housing units and combine neighborhood development and establishment of buildings. The work includes conducting a soil survey as required on the site (trial drilling/geological survey) and preparing a soil report which includes specifications for execution, while cooperating with the team of planners chosen by the developer and using advanced foundation methods to provide the most economical solution for the project. Selected projects - residential Development of neighborhoods in Beit Shemesh Development of several neighborhoods in Beit Shemesh on complex and problematic soil The project View More TMA 38/1 Osishkin st. Tel Aviv An existing structure based on slabs on thick clay near the groundwater level The project View More Netanya Trio Towers Foundation of three 26-floors residential towers using an innovative method that saved millions of shekels The project View More TMA 38/1 Fayvel st. Tel Aviv Project TMA 38/1 in Tel Aviv which included hanging a building for the purpose of digging under it. The project View More Kfar Saba construction project Second opinion for a residential building of a purchasing group and a solution for the successful completion of the construction both financially and during the execution. The proect View More El Matan neighborhood, Ma'ale Shomron Second opinion, providing a solution of adapting the foundation to the findings while performing and reducing about 60% of the pile volume. The project View More

TMA 38/1 at 12 Fayvel st. Tel Aviv Project TMA 38/1 (strengthening a residential building and adding floors) in Tel Aviv which included hanging a building for the purpose of digging under it. The challenge: Addition of 3 basement floors under a residential building intended for preservation, including the addition of upper floors. The solution: Construction of a reinforcement and hardening system for the existing structure, hanging on stilts (underpinning) and completing the excavation under the structure.

A residential building in Mevaseret Zion Second opinion and an economic solution for establishing 2 buildings with 9 upper floors above 2 underground floors on the site where an old lime pit was discovered. The challenge: A residential lot that is located over a pit that was used to produce lime and filled in an uncontrolled manner with local fill. The solution given by the previous consultant made the project very expensive. The solution: First building: reclamation of the land with a network of concrete columns and the foundation of the buildings on a barge (raft). Second building: will be built on micro file stilts. The execution will start from the first building and after the completion of the foundation, the need for changes in the second building will be examined.

Ha'Imahot Street, Tiberias The construction of Ha'Imahot Street road in the marlstone area was problematic - a method of execution saved millions of shekels The challenge: Marlstone area is prone to landslides, a fact that did not allow the completion of the road to the west. In addition to the road, the last structure towards the additional road section slid towards the northwest, towards the road. The solution: Before we got involved in the project, a very complex solution that included piles and permanent anchors in marlstone was proposed. We proposed an alternative solution of "stilt farms" only, where the road itself is a concrete surface cast on the stilts. The piles were 90 cm and 110 cm in diameter and 50 m deep, and were built as a grid across the width of the road to its western end. The assessment of the execution rate of the piles with the existing equipment in Israel was 1 pile every two days, but with the help of an imported machine the actual rate was 1-2 piles per day. The solution resulted in a huge saving of time and money estimated in millions of shekels at the very least.

דף הבית / About / About Us Yuger Engineers was founded in 1981 and specializes in providing geotechnical consulting services to entrepreneurs, the largest and leading companies in Israel, the Israeli government (including the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Defense), municipalities and local councils. We are committed to the success of our clients and operate from a deep understanding of the business challenges they face. Therefore, we made it our goal to harness our engineering excellence and our decades of experience in the field to provide unique and creative solutions whose purpose is to save costs and execution time. Our position in the engineering market in Israel as an authority in the field for the business and public sector. Also, our company is engaged in providing legal opinions as an expression of our professional superiority and validation with the authorities. Our team Eng. Moti Yuger Founding Partner & Chief Engineer Moti Yoger has over 40 years of experience in the field of soil and foundation consulting, including several years at the American consulting company "Woodward & Clyde Consultants", one of the leaders in the field of soil engineering in the world. He holds a bachelor's degree (Bsc) in civil engineering and a master's degree (Msc) in soil engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of New York and previously served as a soil engineering lecturer at the Givatayim College of Technology and the Rupin seminary in Emek Hefer, and as a committee member and consultant for standardization. As a leading figure in the field of land consulting in Israel, Moti Yoger implemented for the first time in Israel several methods and technologies of grounding and soil improvement, including the CMC method - Concrete Modulated Columns. View More Eng. Daniel Zlusky Partner and Senior Engineer Graduated with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering (structures track - B. Tech) from Ariel University in 2011. Graduated with a master's degree in geotechnics track (ME) from the Technion in 2018. Worked in the company since 2011, partner in the company since 2018. View More Orit Peretz Lefler CEO Graduated with an LLB degree in law, with about a decade of experience in managing international companies that include business activity in developing markets in the Far East, Europe and Canada. Orit has extensive experience in the fields of regulation, international trade and business development. View More Eng. Daniel Levav Engineer Graduated with a bachelor's degree (B.Sc) in civil engineering with high honors, Ariel University. A master's degree student in the geotechnics track at the Technion. Former lecturer and practitioner in a variety of courses at Ariel University and Rupin College, as part of engineering and construction engineering studies. Has a seniority of over 3 years in our office. View More Eng. Daniel Levav Engineer Graduated with a bachelor's degree (B.Sc) in civil engineering with high honors, Ariel University. A master's degree student in the geotechnics track at the Technion. Former lecturer and practitioner in a variety of courses at Ariel University and Rupin College, as part of engineering and construction engineering studies. Has a seniority of over 3 years in our office. View More Ziv Raz Manager of contracts and engagements Graduated with a bachelor's degree (B.Sc) in civil engineering with high honors, Ariel University. A master's degree student in the geotechnics track at the Technion. Former lecturer and practitioner in a variety of courses at Ariel University and Rupin College, as part of engineering and construction engineering studies. Has a seniority of over 3 years in our office. View More Ziv Raz Manager of contracts and engagements Graduated with a bachelor's degree (B.Sc) in civil engineering with high honors, Ariel University. A master's degree student in the geotechnics track at the Technion. Former lecturer and practitioner in a variety of courses at Ariel University and Rupin College, as part of engineering and construction engineering studies. Has a seniority of over 3 years in our office. View More Hasida Butzer Welfare director View More Alice Zarfati S ecretary View More Alice Zarfati S ecretary View More

A barge on stabilized soil using different techniques On the use of a barge on stabilized soil with different techniques - a lecture presented at the "Sixth Construction and Infrastructure Conference" of the "Association of Construction and Infrastructure Engineers" in November 2009. Alternatives to foundation solutions In this article we will present possible s olutions for the foundation using the "barge on piles" method, when instead of using reinforced concrete piles attached to the barge, "concrete pillars" or other material are used, while maintaining a space between them and the bottom of the barge in such a way that the stress applied to the barge, from the structure (vertical and horizontal) acts directly on the concrete columns. The purpose of the "pillars" is to serve as elements that stabilize and improve the properties of the soil mass in which they are installed, so that the combined mass can be attributed uniform improved mechanical properties when the system as a whole functions similarly to a barge on stilts, at lower costs. Another significant advantage is that the afore mentioned change allows the barge to be treated as a normal barge, based on land with improved properties, which simplifies the calculation of the barge, as a normal barge, with springs, relying on the new parameters determined by the land consultant. Barge on stilts In Israel and in the world it has been known for many years [Burland et al. (1977), Davis & Poulos (1972), Zeevaert (1957) ] (1979 (Hooper) ) as the method of establishing high-rise buildings and special buildings with heavy loads such as silos and storage tanks while combining barge and pilings when the pilings are mainly used as elements to reduce the subsidence expected in the barge. In this method the pilings are usually made as an integral part of the barge with a constructive connection between them. The piles in this method are calculated according to several alternatives: • A group of piles in a uniform distribution when the barge acts as a common head for the piles. In this situation the piles carry most of the load and the barge carries a small part of the load and the calculation is like that of a group of piles with a common head when the piles have an acceptable safety factor. • Piles evenly distributed under the barge, designed as "creeping" piles by calculating them for a tolerance of about 80% of the destruction tolerance and the total load between the piles and the barge is distributed accordingly. • Piles "creep" in an even distribution, where the piles are calculated for 100% of the load in destruction tolerance. In such a situation, the treatment of piles is only as subsidence reducers, while increasing the general security factor of the system. • Making groups of piles only in areas of heavy loads to reduce differential subsidence in the area of the barge, between more loaded and less loaded areas. With the development of the barge on stilts method and the experience gained, the question of the meaning and necessity of connecting the stilts to the barge was raised. When the piles are connected to the barge, most of the horizontal forces acting on the structure are transferred to the piles, due to their relatively high rigidity, and this can cause shear stresses and moments in the piles to the point of failure. This can require the addition of pilings beyond what is required to limit subsidence. In special buildings, where the useful loads are high and change (silos and silos), the connection also causes pullout forces in the piles that previously sank under the load that is removed afterwards. In light of this, they began making barges on piles without a constructive connection between them and even creating a space between the piles and the barge in such a way that the barge would not be in contact with the pile heads at all. As soon as there is complete separation between the piles and the barge, the reference to them can be changed and they can be seen as part of a system of stabilized and reinforced soil (1979, Hooper). One of the problems with the calculation methods of a barge on stilts as detailed above is the complexity and difficulty of the calculation. The calculation is essentially three-dimensional which also requires the use of advanced three-dimensional computer programs. This causes many engineers to shy away from the method, which therefore does not become common knowledge. Land stabilization and improvement There are currently several options for soil stabilization that can be used to improve the soil under the barge: • Stone pillars - with this method it is possible to drill, using modified methods, a borehole and fill it from the top with hard stone aggregate that will be tightened in stages using a vibrator. In cases where the bore is not stable, it is necessary to insert a corrective stepping stone into its lower part and tighten while lifting and tightening in stages which requires the use of special equipment. • Using the technology of Jet Grout columns - with this method, a drill is inserted to the planned depth and gradually raised while rotating and laterally injecting cement mortar at very high pressure in a way that produces columns of cement mortar that is also mixed with the local soil. • Drilling and casting of concrete columns using the "dry" method, or in case of stability and groundwater problems, drilling and casting using a CFA machine or bentonite technology. • Use of other reinforcing materials such as lime columns, thin concrete and CLSM, provided that their tolerance to the various troubles and their effectiveness in curbing subsidence are proven. calculation methods • As mentioned, one of the advantages of the application described above is that it allows for the simplification of the calculation method and bringing it to a situation where all that is required of the constructor is to calculate a normal barge on stabilized and improved ground that has the property of a spring coefficient proposed by (1867 Winkler), according to the relationship δ = κ ⋅ σ [where δ - the settlement at a certain point under the barge, κ - stiffness of the Winkler spring, or as it is called the "substrate modulus" and σ - the contact stress at the point]. As part of the development of stone and lime columns, different calculation methods were proposed, of which we have given her A weighted substrate number modulus was calculated for the methods described above for soil stabilization and improvement, such as by (Prof W. VanImple (1983) and (Dr H. Bredenberg (1983). An article was also published in 2002 (unsigned) by the Technion Institute titled Deep Mixing-Lime Columns in 2002. The mirror is also a calculation method. • Based on the above it is possible to calculate a weighted κ: Required data: 1. Determination of intervals x, y between the stiffening columns. 2. Finding the modulus of elasticity of the column and the ground. 3. Determining the cross-section dimensions of the column and its depth in the ground. Calculations: * The figure κtotal is used by the constructor for the barge calculations, while the calculation of the settlement in the structure can be performed by the foundation consultant, according to the shortening of the mass of the stabilized soil, plus the settlement in the ground below the stabilized soil. Summary The method simplifies the calculation of the foundation for the barge on the Winkler medium on the one hand and determining the properties of the medium on the other hand.